What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is a long-term condition that affects the colon, also known as the large intestine. It causes swelling and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the colon. Because of this, people with ulcerative colitis often have stomach pain and frequent trips to the bathroom. Although it can be serious, many people manage their symptoms with the right care. Ulcerative colitis is one of the main types of inflammatory bowel disease. While it can start at any age, it often begins in young adults.
Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
Many people with ulcerative colitis notice changes in their bowel habits. However, symptoms can vary from person to person. Some common signs include:
Sometimes, symptoms come and go. For example, you may feel fine for weeks, then have a flare-up. If you notice blood in your stool or severe pain, seek medical help right away.
Causes and Risk Factors
Doctors do not know the exact cause of ulcerative colitis. Still, several factors may play a role. For instance, your immune system might react too strongly to normal bacteria in your gut. Genetics can also be important, as the condition sometimes runs in families. Other risk factors include:
Although stress and diet do not cause ulcerative colitis, they can make symptoms worse. Therefore, managing stress is helpful.
Diagnosis
Doctors use several tests to diagnose ulcerative colitis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may order blood tests to check for signs of inflammation or anemia. Stool tests can help rule out infections. Most often, doctors use a test called colonoscopy. This test lets them look inside your colon with a small camera. During the test, they may take tiny samples, called biopsies, for further study. Early diagnosis helps you get the right treatment sooner.
Treatment Options
Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce swelling and control symptoms. Your doctor will choose the best plan for you. Common treatments include:
Most people can manage their symptoms with medicine. However, some may need surgery to remove part or all of the colon. Your doctor will explain all options and help you decide what is best.
Lifestyle and Dietary Guidance
Living with ulcerative colitis can be challenging, but healthy habits make a difference. For example, eating small, balanced meals can help. Try to avoid foods that upset your stomach, such as spicy or high-fiber foods. Here are some tips:
Because everyone is different, talk to your doctor or a dietitian for a plan that works for you.
Prevention Tips
While you cannot always prevent ulcerative colitis, you can lower your risk of flare-ups. For instance, take your medicines as prescribed. In addition, avoid smoking and limit alcohol. Other helpful steps include:
Early action can help you stay healthy and avoid complications.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice ongoing diarrhea, blood in your stool, stomach pain, weakness, weight loss, or fever, it’s important to see a doctor soon. Early treatment can help prevent complications and improve your health quickly.
Regular visits with your doctor are essential for managing ulcerative colitis effectively.
For personalized advice and treatment on ulcerative colitis, consult Dr. Vaibhav Ajmere, a gastroenterologist.
Early care leads to better health and quality of life—schedule your consultation today.