Dr. Vaibhav Ajmere

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Achalasia Cardia (Swallowing Difficulty): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Achalasia Cardia?

Achalasia Cardia is a rare condition that affects the food pipe, also called the esophagus. In this disorder, the muscles in the lower part of the esophagus do not relax as they should. Because of this, food and liquids have trouble passing into the stomach. As a result, people often experience swallowing difficulty. Achalasia Cardia is one of the main gastroenterology swallowing disorders. Although it can happen at any age, it is more common in adults between 25 and 60 years old.

Common Symptoms

Many people with Achalasia Cardia notice symptoms slowly. However, these symptoms can get worse over time. Early recognition is important. Here are the most common signs:

  • Difficulty swallowing food or liquids (dysphagia)
  • Feeling like food is stuck in the chest
  • Chest pain, especially after eating
  • Regurgitation of undigested food
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Coughing or choking, especially at night
  • Heartburn or a burning feeling in the chest

    • Sometimes, symptoms may seem mild at first. But over time, they can affect daily life.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Doctors are not sure what exactly causes Achalasia Cardia. However, it is believed to happen when nerves in the esophagus become damaged. This nerve damage stops the muscles from working properly. As a result, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) does not relax. Although the exact reason is unknown, some risk factors include:

  • Age between 25 and 60 years
  • Family history of swallowing disorders
  • Certain viral infections (rare)
  • Autoimmune conditions (when the body attacks its own nerves)

    • Even though these factors may increase risk, most people with Achalasia Cardia have no clear cause.

    How Achalasia Cardia is Diagnosed

    If you have ongoing swallowing difficulty, your doctor may suggest tests to confirm Achalasia Cardia. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications. Common tests include:

  • Barium swallow X-ray: You drink a special liquid, and X-rays show how it moves down your esophagus.
  • Esophageal manometry: This test measures muscle pressure in your esophagus. It is the most accurate way to diagnose Achalasia Cardia.
  • Upper endoscopy: A thin tube with a camera checks for blockages or other problems in the esophagus.

    • Doctors use these tests to rule out other swallowing difficulty causes, such as tumors or strictures.

    Treatment Options

    There are several Achalasia treatment options. The goal is to help the lower esophageal sphincter relax, so food can pass into the stomach. Treatment depends on age, health, and how severe the symptoms are. Options include:

  • Pneumatic dilation: A balloon is placed and inflated to stretch the sphincter muscle.
  • Botox injection: Medicine is injected to relax the muscle. This is often used for people who cannot have surgery.
  • Medications: Some medicines can help relax the sphincter, but they may not work for everyone.
  • Surgery (Heller myotomy): The surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus. This is often very effective.
  • Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): A newer, less invasive procedure done with an endoscope.

    • In many cities, you can find specialized centers for Achalasia treatment. For example, “achalasia treatment in New York” or “achalasia diagnosis in Mumbai” are common search terms for local care.

    Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

    While Achalasia Cardia cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle tips can help manage symptoms:

  • Eat slowly and chew food well
  • Take small bites and sips
  • Avoid eating late at night
  • Stay upright for at least 1 hour after eating
  • Choose soft or blended foods when symptoms are bad
  • Drink water with meals to help food go down

    • Although these tips may not cure the condition, they can make eating easier and reduce discomfort.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you have trouble swallowing, do not ignore it. Sometimes, swallowing difficulty can be a sign of a serious problem. You should see a doctor if you:

  • Have ongoing or worsening swallowing problems
  • Lose weight without trying
  • Have chest pain or frequent regurgitation
  • Wake up coughing or choking at night

    • Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications. For personalized advice, always consult a gastroenterologist or a doctor who specializes in swallowing disorders.

    If you experience swallowing difficulties, consult a gastroenterologist at SURABHI HOSPITAL for personalized advice.