Fatty liver disease happens when too much fat builds up in the liver. This condition is common, and it can affect both adults and children. Often, people do not notice symptoms at first. However, over time, fatty liver disease can lead to serious health problems. According to the CDC, this disease is becoming more common worldwide. There are two main types: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease. NAFLD is not linked to heavy drinking, while alcoholic fatty liver disease is caused by drinking too much alcohol.
Common Symptoms
Many people with fatty liver disease do not feel sick. Still, some may notice signs as the disease gets worse. For example, you might feel tired or have discomfort in the upper right side of your belly. In some cases, the skin or eyes may turn yellow, a condition called jaundice. Other possible symptoms include:
Swelling in the belly or legs
Unexplained weight loss
Weakness
Loss of appetite
Confusion or trouble thinking clearly
However, these symptoms can also be caused by other health issues. Therefore, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice any of them.
Main Causes and Risk Factors
Fatty liver disease can develop for many reasons. For instance, eating a diet high in fat or sugar can raise your risk. Also, being overweight or having obesity is a major risk factor. Other common causes and risk factors include:
Type 2 diabetes
High cholesterol or high triglycerides
Metabolic syndrome
Rapid weight loss
Certain medicines
Heavy alcohol use (for alcoholic fatty liver disease)
In addition, genetics may play a role. Some people are more likely to get fatty liver disease because of their family history. According to WHO, lifestyle choices and health conditions often work together to cause this disease.
How Fatty Liver Disease Is Diagnosed
Doctors use several methods to diagnose fatty liver disease. First, they may ask about your medical history and lifestyle. Next, a physical exam can help spot signs of liver problems. Blood tests are often used to check liver function. Sometimes, doctors use imaging tests, such as:
Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
These tests can show if there is extra fat in the liver. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be needed. This test involves taking a small sample of liver tissue to check for damage. Early diagnosis is important because it can help prevent serious problems later.
Treatment Options
There is no single medicine to cure fatty liver disease. However, treatment focuses on managing the causes and lowering the risk of liver damage. For example, doctors may suggest:
Losing weight if you are overweight
Controlling blood sugar and cholesterol levels
Stopping alcohol use (for alcoholic fatty liver disease)
Taking medicines for related health problems
In some cases, treating other health issues can help improve liver health. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice closely.
Lifestyle Changes and Prevention Tips
Making healthy choices can help prevent fatty liver disease or slow its progress. For instance, you can:
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables
Limit foods high in sugar, fat, and salt
Exercise regularly, aiming for at least 30 minutes most days
Maintain a healthy weight
Avoid heavy drinking
Manage health conditions like diabetes and high cholesterol
Additionally, regular check-ups can help catch problems early. The CDC recommends healthy habits as the best way to lower your risk.
When to See a Doctor
If you have risk factors for fatty liver disease, it is wise to talk to your doctor. Also, see a doctor if you notice symptoms like tiredness, belly pain, or yellow skin. Early care can help prevent serious liver damage. Even if you feel fine, regular health checks are important, especially if you have diabetes or are overweight.
In summary, fatty liver disease is common but can be managed with healthy habits and medical care. Consult a specialist for personalized guidance.