Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

Peptic Ulcer Disease is a common health problem that affects many people worldwide. In the United States, many adults experience stomach ulcers each year. These ulcers are open sores that form in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. Because ulcer symptoms can be mild or severe, it is important to know what to look for. Early treatment can help prevent serious problems. In this blog, you will learn about Peptic Ulcer Disease, its causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and how to prevent peptic ulcers.

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease?

Peptic Ulcer Disease happens when open sores develop in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. These sores are called ulcers. Usually, a thick layer of mucus protects the stomach lining. However, when this layer is damaged, stomach acid can cause sores. Stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers are the two main types. Both can cause pain and other symptoms.

Common Symptoms

Many people with Peptic Ulcer Disease notice certain signs. However, some may have no symptoms at all. If you have any of the following, you should talk to your doctor:

Burning pain in the stomach, often between meals or at night

Bloating or feeling full quickly

Nausea or vomiting

Loss of appetite

Unexplained weight loss

Dark or black stools (a sign of bleeding)

Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds

Sometimes, symptoms can come and go. But if you notice any of these, especially blood in vomit or stool, seek help right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease. The most common are:

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria

Regular use of pain relievers like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen

Smoking tobacco

Drinking too much alcohol

Stress (may make symptoms worse, but is not a main cause)

Family history of ulcers

While anyone can get an ulcer, these risk factors make it more likely. According to the CDC and WHO, H. pylori infection is the leading cause worldwide.

Diagnosis Methods

Doctors use several methods to diagnose Peptic Ulcer Disease. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may recommend tests such as:

Blood, breath, or stool tests to check for H. pylori infection

Upper endoscopy, where a thin tube with a camera looks at your stomach lining

Barium swallow X-ray, which helps show ulcers in the digestive tract

Early diagnosis helps prevent serious problems like bleeding or a hole in the stomach wall.

Treatment Options

Treating Peptic Ulcer Disease depends on the cause. Most people get better with medicine. Common ulcer treatment options include:

Antibiotics to kill H. pylori bacteria

Medicines to reduce stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers

Medicines to protect the stomach lining

Stopping or changing pain relievers if possible

Sometimes, ulcers can cause serious problems. In rare cases, surgery may be needed. However, most people heal with medicine and lifestyle changes.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

There are steps you can take to lower your risk of ulcers. Here are some tips on how to prevent peptic ulcers:

Wash your hands often to avoid H. pylori infection

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables

Limit use of pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen

Do not smoke

Avoid drinking too much alcohol

Manage stress with healthy habits like exercise or relaxation

By following these tips, you can help protect your stomach and lower your risk of ulcers.

When to See a Doctor

It’s important to know when to seek medical help for peptic ulcer disease. You should see a doctor if you:

Have persistent stomach pain or burning sensation

Notice blood in your stool or vomit

Experience unexplained weight loss

Feel weak, dizzy, or fatigued

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications such as bleeding or perforation.

If you experience any of these warning signs, don’t delay — consult Dr. Vaibhav Ajmere, an experienced gastroenterologist, for expert evaluation and personalised treatment for peptic ulcer disease. Take charge of your digestive health today.